Characterization of An Overweight Population: A Retrospective Longitudinal Study From Real-World Data In Northern Portugal

Overweight is a major public health concern closely linked to modifiable lifestyle factors. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of overweight and characterize its bio-demographic profile and associated comorbidities in an adult population from northern Portugal. A retrospective longitudinal analysis was conducted using electronic health records (EHRs) from adults aged 25–74 years diagnosed with overweight (ICPC-2 code T83) in 2023. Data from 573,649 individuals were analyzed, revealing an overweight prevalence of 22.7%, with the highest rates observed in the 65–74 (32.5%) and 55–64 (27.2%) age groups. The study population was predominantly female (53.2%), with the most common comorbidities being uncomplicated hypertension (K86) and non-insulin-dependent diabetes (T90). Overweight is highly prevalent in northern Portugal and is associated with significant comorbidities. Early screening and preventive strategies in primary care are crucial to reducing its impact. Optimized use of EHRs can enhance healthcare outcomes.